"Every snowflake is unique" is one of those facts everyone knows, right up there with "goldfish have three-second memories" and "you eat eight spiders a year in your sleep." Except it's not true. Scientists have known for decades that snowflakes aren't unique, but somehow nobody bothered to tell anyone.
The myth comes from a 1931 statement by scientist Wilson Bentley, who photographed thousands of snowflakes and claimed he never found two that were identical. But "I didn't personally find duplicates" isn't the same as "duplicates don't exist." That's like saying unicorns exist because you haven't personally checked every forest.
In 1988, scientist Nancy Knight found two identical snowflakes. She was studying snowflakes in Wisconsin and discovered two snow crystals that were completely identical down to their microscopic structure. They came from the same cloud, formed under the same conditions, and were perfect matches.
Here's why the "unique" claim was always mathematically questionable: Yes, there are countless ways for water molecules to arrange themselves into a snowflake. But "countless" doesn't mean infinite, and more importantly, most snowflakes are actually pretty simple and similar.
The elaborate, perfectly symmetrical snowflakes you see in pictures? Those are rare. Most snowflakes are lumpy, irregular, or partially melted. They're not beautiful six-pointed stars – they're basically just frozen water blobs. And there are only so many ways to make a frozen water blob.
Simple snowflakes – like needles, columns, and plates – are extremely common, and they absolutely do repeat. When atmospheric conditions are stable, clouds can produce thousands of nearly identical simple snow crystals.
Even the complex ones follow patterns. Snowflakes form based on temperature and humidity, and those conditions create predictable shapes. When conditions are the same, the snowflakes that form are going to be extremely similar if not identical.
The probability argument also falls apart when you consider how many snowflakes exist. Estimates suggest about one septillion (that's 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000) snowflakes fall on Earth each year. With numbers that large, the odds of duplicates aren't just possible – they're statistically inevitable.
Some scientists argue that identical snowflakes are probably falling all the time, but we have no way to compare every snowflake to every other snowflake. We'd never know if two identical ones fell on opposite sides of the planet, or even right next to each other.
The "unique snowflake" myth persists because it's poetic and makes people feel special. Teachers love it as a metaphor for human individuality. Hallmark probably put it on cards. But scientifically? It's been debunked for over 30 years.
So the next time someone tells you that you're unique like a snowflake, remember: snowflakes aren't actually unique, scientists proved it decades ago, and somehow the myth just kept going because people liked the story better than the truth.