Deep in the world’s forests, certain mushrooms possess a magical glow. This phenomenon, known as bioluminescence, is caused by a chemical reaction between a pigment called luciferin and an enzyme known as luciferase, all fueled by oxygen. The result? A soft, greenish light that emanates from the mushroom’s gills or cap.
Over 80 species of fungi are known to glow, including the ghost fungus and jack-o'-lantern mushroom. While the full purpose of this glow isn’t entirely understood, scientists believe it may help attract insects to spread spores, or perhaps deter predators in the dark.
What’s especially fascinating is that ancient people noticed this glow long before science caught up. Pliny the Elder even described “glowing wood” in his writings, likely referring to logs lit up by bioluminescent fungi. Today, researchers are exploring ways to harness this natural glow for sustainable lighting in the future.